Black Hills National Forest (Paha Sapa)

Immerse yourself in 1.2 million acres of diverse terrain and breathtaking scenery at Black Hills National Forest. Established in 1897 by President Grover Cleveland, this stunning destination owes its name to the pine trees that cover the landscape, giving the hills a black appearance from a distance. The forest is 110 miles long and 70 miles wide, comprised of mountains that span the Central Hills, Northern Hills, Southern Hills, and Northeast Wyoming. You’ll find trails, streams, lakes, caves, and some of the highest peaks between the Rocky Mountains and Swiss Alps here.

The Oceti Sakowin, meaning Seven Council Fires, is the traditional alliance of seven Dakota, Lakota, and Nakota nations — a deeply rooted connection that reflects a rich and enduring cultural heritage. Since at least the 18th century, the Oceti Sakowin — particularly the Lakota — have lived across a vast and beautiful landscape stretching from the Missouri River to the Bighorn Mountains.

At the heart of this homeland lies a region known as Paha Sapa, or “the hills that are black.” For generations, the Black Hills have been regarded and protected as a sacred place — a center of spiritual and cultural significance that continues to hold deep meaning for the Lakota people to this day.

Locals lovingly refer to the Black Hills simply as “The Hills,” and this beautiful region can be gently divided into three distinct areas: the Northern Hills, Central Hills, and Southern Hills — each with its own unique charm.

The Northern Hills stretch from northeast Wyoming and Spearfish down past Lead, and are known for their dense pine forests, dramatic canyons, and colorful Wild West history. It’s here you'll find the stunning Spearfish Canyon Scenic Byway, which legendary architect Frank Lloyd Wright once called “even more miraculous” than the Grand Canyon.
The Central Hills are the heartbeat of the area, drawing visitors from far and wide with icons like Mount Rushmore, Hill City, Keystone, and the shimmering waters of Pactola and Sheridan Lakes. Even with the buzz of tourism, the Central Hills are filled with quiet wonders — hidden lakes like Horsethief and Deerfield, historic trails like the Flume Trail, and old mining remnants that whisper stories of the past.
The Southern Hills offer a more laid-back, scenic escape. Home to Custer State Park, the awe-inspiring Wind and Jewel Caves, and the beloved Angostura Reservoir, this area invites slower drives, peaceful exploration, and some of the most breathtaking views in all of the Black Hills.

Things to Do

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You'll find 30 campgrounds with nearly 700 individual camp sites throughout the Black Hills. A majority are primitive, meaning they won't offer much more than vault toilets and firepits. Nightly fees vary based on campground, and reservations are encouraged during peak season.
Contrary to popular belief, Native American tribes never permanently lived in the Black Hills. They would use the Hills for hunting expeditions and spiritual ceremonies, but were never in the Hills for more than a few days at a time.
Scenic byways, hiking trails, boating, and day-use spaces are free to use within Black Hills National Forest. Camping, fishing, and hunting require fees or licenses. Be sure you have the proper permits and check local regulations before heading out, so you can enjoy your visit responsibly and respectfully.

Black Hills National Forest App